The information in the upper right-hand portion of the cover is designed to show how pictures are to be constructed from the recorded signals. Below this drawing is a side view of the record and stylus, with a binary number giving the time to play one side of the record – about an hour. The drawing indicates that the record should be played from the outside in.
Written around it in binary arithmetic is the correct time of one rotation of the record, 3.6 seconds, expressed in time units of 0.70 billionths of a second, the time period associated with a fundamental transition of the hydrogen atom. The stylus is in the correct position to play the record from the beginning. In the upper left-hand corner is a drawing of the phonograph record and the stylus carried with it. Images Įxplanation of the Voyager record cover diagram, as provided by NASA In July 2015, NASA uploaded the audio contents of the record to the audio streaming service SoundCloud. The remainder of the record is audio, designed to be played at 16⅔ revolutions per minute.Ĭarl Sagan suggested that The Beatles song " Here Comes the Sun" be included on the record, but the record company EMI that held the copyrights to the song, declined due to copyright concerns. The 116 images are encoded in analogue form and composed of 512 vertical lines. The pulsar map and hydrogen molecule diagram are shared in common with the Pioneer plaque. However, the record does contain "Diagram of vertebrate evolution", by Jon Lomberg, with drawings of an anatomically correct naked male and naked female, showing external organs.
Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included. During the recording of the brainwaves, Druyan thought of many topics, including Earth's history, civilizations and the problems they face, and what it was like to fall in love.Īfter NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include a photograph of a nude man and woman on the record. The Golden Record also carries an hour long recording of the brainwaves of Ann Druyan. Goode was controversial, with some claiming that rock music was "adolescent", to which Sagan replied, " There are a lot of adolescents on the planet." The selection of music for the record was completed by a team composed of Carl Sagan, Linda Salzman Sagan, Frank Drake, Ann Druyan, artist Jon Lomberg, and Timothy Ferris, who was an editor for Rolling Stone at the time. The musical selection is also varied, featuring artists such as Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Stravinsky, Guan Pinghu, Blind Willie Johnson, Chuck Berry, Kesarbai Kerkar and Valya Balkanska. All measures used on the pictures are defined in the first few images using physical references that are likely to be consistent anywhere in the universe. Some images contain indications of chemical composition. Many pictures are annotated with one or more indications of scales of time, size, or mass. These images show food, architecture, and humans in portraits as well as going about their day-to-day lives. Images of humanity depict a broad range of cultures. Care was taken to include not only pictures of humanity, but also some of animals, insects, plants and landscapes. The first images are of scientific interest, showing mathematical and physical quantities, the Solar System and its planets, DNA, and human anatomy and reproduction. The collection of images includes many photographs and diagrams both in black and white, and color. The record also includes the inspirational message Per aspera ad astra in Morse code.
To this they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in 55 ancient and modern languages, and printed messages from U.S. Sagan and his associates assembled 116 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, thunder and animals (including the songs of birds and whales). The selection of content for the record took almost a year. The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours.Ĭontents Main article: Contents of the Voyager Golden Record This is a present from a small, distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts and our feelings. Like their predecessors Pioneer 10 and 11, which featured a simple plaque, both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA with a message aboard - a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate to extraterrestrials a story of the world of humans on Earth.
Voyager 1 has reached interstellar space, the region between stars where the galactic plasma is present. The Voyager 1 probe is currently the farthest human made object from Earth.
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